12 Amazing Sony Vtc5A 18650 Battery For 2024

Mobile Accessories

12 Amazing Sony Vtc5A 18650 Battery For 2023If you're in search of the perfect battery for your electronic devices, look no further than the Sony Vtc5A 18650 Battery. With its exceptional performance and reliability, the Sony Vtc5A 18650 Battery has garnered a reputation among tech enthusiasts as one of the best options on the market. Designed to provide long-lasting power and superior performance, this battery is an essential accessory for any device requiring a rechargeable power source. Whether you're a professional or a casual user, the Sony Vtc5A 18650 Battery is sure to exceed your expectations and meet your power needs in 2023 and beyond.

 

The RAEF 3.6v 2600mah 18650 Ion Battery is a versatile and portable power bank replacement. With a high energy density and wide application, it is perfect for on-the-go use. The battery has a long lifespan and can be used hundreds of times with minimal loss or capacity. It provides protection against reverse polarity, short circuit, overcharging, over-voltage, and overheating, ensuring the safety of both the battery and the device. Additionally, it is eco-friendly and has undergone strict quality control testing. The RAEF 3.6v 2600mah 18650 Ion Battery is a reliable and efficient power source for various mobile devices.

Key Features

  • Portable and lightweight
  • High energy density
  • Long life with minimal loss or cap
  • Protection against damage to battery and device
  • Safe and environmentally friendly
  • Specifications

    Pros

  • Portable and lightweight
  • High energy density
  • Long lifespan
  • Protection against damage
  • Safe and environmentally friendly
  • Cons

     

    The RAEF 3.6v 2600mah 18650 Ion Battery is a reliable and efficient power source that offers convenience and safety. Its compact design makes it easy to carry around, allowing you to use it anytime and anywhere. With its high energy density, it provides ample power for various devices. The battery’s long lifespan and protection features ensure its durability and safety. Its eco-friendly nature adds to its appeal as a sustainable option. Overall, the RAEF 3.6v 2600mah 18650 Ion Battery is a great choice for those in need of a reliable and portable power bank replacement.

     

    The Amityke 3.7V Rechargeable Battery 3500mAh is a high-capacity and versatile battery that is perfect for various electronic devices. With its wide compatibility, it can be used for headlamps, doorbells, cameras, small fans, and more. These batteries have a durable capacity of 3500mAh, providing long-lasting power for your devices. They also have an impressive 1000 battery cycles without memory effect, reducing the need for constant battery replacements. The anti-corrosion shell ensures safety and environmental friendliness. Additionally, Amityke offers excellent after-sales service with a 30-day return or replacement policy. Overall, these rechargeable batteries offer great value and performance.

    Key Features

  • Wide compatibility with various electronic devices
  • Support for up to 1000 charging and discharging cycles
  • Durable capacity of 3500m Ah for longer device usage
  • Environmentally friendly with anti-corrosion shell
  • Excellent after-sales service with 30-day return or replacement
  • Specifications

  • Dimension: 2.56Lx0.70Wx2.56H
  • Pros

  • Wide compatibility with different devices
  • Long-lasting battery life
  • Environmental friendliness
  • Excellent after-sales service
  • Cons

     

    The Amityke 3.7V Rechargeable Battery 3500mAh is a reliable and cost-effective choice for powering your electronic devices. With its high capacity and durable performance, you can trust these batteries to provide long-lasting power. The wide compatibility ensures that you can use them for various devices, making them a versatile option. The 1000 battery cycles without memory effect further enhance their value, reducing the need for frequent replacements. The anti-corrosion shell adds another layer of safety and environmental protection. With Amityke’s warm after-sales service, you can have peace of mind knowing that any issues will be promptly addressed. Overall, these batteries offer great performance and longevity for your electronic devices.

     

    The Galaxy SHENMZ 2 Pack Battery is a great option for those in need of rechargeable batteries for their flashlight, camera, small fan, or sound equipment. This pack includes a 2 Bay USB Battery Charger and a storage case. The batteries have a capacity of 3600mAh and a voltage of 3.7V, making them high drain and ideal for power-hungry devices. The flat top design ensures compatibility with various electronic devices. The charger features a simple red/green light indicator, making it easy to determine the charging status. While the batteries take a few hours to fully charge, they provide decent performance. However, the charger included in the pack is basic and may have compatibility issues with other battery brands. Overall, the Galaxy SHENMZ 2 Pack Battery is a decent option for those looking for reliable rechargeable batteries.

    Key Features

  • 2 Bay USB Battery Charger,1 storage case
  • 2 Pack of Flat Top Battery for Flashlight etc.
  • 3600m Ah/3.7V/20A/Rechargeable/High Drain/Flat Top
  • Size: (LW*H) 8*7.22.2cm, Capacity: 3600m Ah, Voltage: 3.7V
  • Before purchasing, please make sure that this flat top batteries matches your electronic device, so as not to cause unnecessary trouble
  • Specifications

  • Color: Purple
  • Dimension: 6.40Lx2.50Wx0.30H
  • Pros

  • Decent performance for power-hungry devices
  • Compatible with various electronic devices
  • Includes a storage case for convenience
  • Simple red/green light indicator on the charger
  • Cons

  • Charger may have compatibility issues with other battery brands
  • Batteries take a few hours to fully charge
  • Flimsy outer wrapper on batteries
  •  

    The Galaxy SHENMZ 2 Pack Battery offers decent performance for power-hungry devices, making it a reliable option for flashlight, camera, small fan, or sound equipment. With a capacity of 3600mAh and a voltage of 3.7V, these rechargeable batteries provide sufficient power to keep your devices running. The flat top design ensures compatibility with various electronic devices. Although the batteries take a few hours to fully charge, they offer reliable performance. However, the basic charger included in the pack may have compatibility issues with other battery brands. Overall, if you’re in need of rechargeable batteries, the Galaxy SHENMZ 2 Pack Battery is a decent option.

     

    The Tokeyla 2pcs 3.7V 18650 Rechargeable Battery is a high-capacity battery designed for a variety of devices such as flashlights, headlamps, RC cars, and landscape path lights. With a large capacity of 5000mAh, this battery provides long-lasting power for your high-power devices. The package includes two batteries with button top size measuring 2.63 inches x 0.7 inches x 0.7 inches. These rechargeable batteries are compatible with a wide range of devices, including radios, doorbells, LED lights, solar lights, toys, small fans, and more. It is essential to use compatible chargers to avoid any potential hazards caused by excessive charging voltage or current. The Tokeyla 2pcs 18650 Rechargeable Battery offers convenience and reliability for your power needs.

    Key Features

  • Package Included: 18650 Rechargeable Battery 3.7V 5000m Ah (2 Pack)
  • Wide Compatibility with high-power devices
  • Charge Attention: Use compatible chargers to avoid hazards
  • Specifications

  • Size: 2 pack Button Top
  • Pros

  • High-capacity battery for long-lasting power
  • Compatible with a variety of devices
  • Convenient package with two batteries
  • Cons

  • Requires compatible chargers for safe charging
  •  

    The Tokeyla 2pcs 3.7V 18650 Rechargeable Battery offers a reliable and convenient power solution for a wide range of devices. With its high capacity of 5000mAh, you can expect long-lasting power to keep your devices running. The battery is compatible with various devices, making it a versatile option. However, it is crucial to use compatible chargers to avoid any potential hazards. Overall, this battery provides great value for its performance and convenience.

     

    The 18650 Battery Charger is a universal charger suitable for li-ion batteries of various specifications. It can simultaneously charge rechargeable batteries such as 10440, 14500, 16340, 17500, and 18650. The charger is designed with safety features including overcharge protection, over discharge protection, short circuit protection, intelligent temperature control, and battery reverse polarity protection. With a charging indicator, it notifies you when the battery is fully charged. The charger is compatible with micro-USB inputs, allowing you to charge your batteries conveniently using car chargers, power banks, or laptops. Its compact size and wide range of use make it a great option for daily use.

    Key Features

  • Universal battery charger for li-ion batteries
  • Powerful charger with maximum charging current of 600m A
  • Overcharge, over discharge, short circuit, and temperature control protection
  • Charging indicator for battery status
  • Micro-USB compatible for easy charging
  • Specifications

  • Color: Black
  • Pros

  • Can charge multiple battery specifications
  • Safe and fire prevention design
  • Convenient charging with micro-USB compatibility
  • Compact size
  • Wide range of use
  • Cons

  • Flimsy construction
  • Misleading product description
  •  

    The 18650 Battery Charger offers a versatile and reliable solution for charging li-ion batteries. With its ability to charge multiple battery specifications and safety features, it provides peace of mind during the charging process. The micro-USB compatibility allows for easy charging using various devices, making it convenient for daily use. However, the charger’s construction may be a bit flimsy, and the product description could be clearer to avoid confusion. Overall, it is a practical and affordable option for anyone in need of a reliable battery charger.

     

    The IMREN 3.7V Button Top Battery is a powerful and convenient rechargeable battery designed for a wide range of devices. With a capacity of 3000mAh, this battery provides long-lasting power for flashlights, headlamps, doorbells, RC cars, and more. It features a built-in micro-USB charge port, eliminating the need for a separate battery charger. The included 2-in-1 USB cable makes charging easy and convenient. The battery has a low self-discharge and no memory effect, ensuring a longer lifespan. With excellent customer service and a compact design, this battery is a reliable choice for your mobile and cellular needs.

    Key Features

  • IMREN Button Top Battery – size:18mm x 70mm;Capacity: 3000m Ah
  • Compatible with a variety of devices, including flashlights and toys
  • Built-in micro-USB port for easy charging
  • 3000m Ah capacity with low self-discharge
  • Excellent customer service and after-sales support
  • Specifications

  • Color: Black
  • Dimension: 0.00Lx0.00Wx0.00H
  • Pros

  • Convenient built-in micro-USB port for charging
  • Long-lasting 3000m Ah capacity
  • Low self-discharge and no memory effect
  • Excellent customer service
  • Cons

     

    The IMREN 3.7V Button Top Battery is a reliable and convenient solution for powering your devices. With its built-in micro-USB port, you can easily recharge the battery without the need for a separate charger. The 3000mAh capacity ensures long-lasting power, and the low self-discharge feature prolongs the battery’s lifespan. Additionally, the excellent customer service provided by IMREN adds to the overall positive experience. Whether you need to power your flashlights, headlamps, doorbells, or RC cars, this rechargeable battery is a solid choice.

     

    The EBL 3.7V Li-ion Rechargeable Batteries are high-performance batteries with a capacity of 3000mAh. These batteries are designed to fit flashlights, toys, headlamps, and other household devices. They feature a built-in micro USB port, allowing for easy charging with the included 2-in-1 USB cable. The batteries are rechargeable and utilize ProCyco technology to maximize power performance. With a built-in safety circuit, they are protected against over-charge, over-discharge, short-circuit, and over-heat. The EBL Li-ion batteries provide stable 3.7V output voltage, ensuring longer device operation. Despite being slightly larger than other batteries, they can fit in most flashlight cylinders. Overall, they are a great replacement option for frequently used devices.

    Key Features

  • EBL 18J Battery – 3.7V lithium batteries
  • Built-in micro USB port for easy charging
  • Rechargeable with Pro Cyco technology for optimal performance
  • Built-in safety circuit for protection
  • High performance with 3000m Ah capacity
  • Specifications

  • Size: 2 Count (Pack of 1)
  • Pros

  • Easy to charge with included USB cable
  • Great replacement batteries for frequently used devices
  • Long-lasting charge
  • Built-in safety features
  • Stable output voltage
  • Cons

  • Slightly larger size may not fit all compartments
  • Long charging time
  • Relatively expensive compared to other options
  •  

    The EBL 3.7V Li-ion Rechargeable Batteries provide a reliable and efficient power source for various devices. With their high capacity and stable output voltage, they offer extended device operation and optimal performance. The built-in safety circuit ensures protection against common battery issues. While they may be slightly larger in size and take longer to charge, these batteries prove to be a valuable investment. However, if you require larger quantities, it may be more cost-effective to opt for regular protected 18650 batteries and an external charger. Overall, the EBL 3.7V Li-ion Rechargeable Batteries offer convenience, durability, and reliable power for your everyday needs.

     

    The YNPOWER 2 Pack Battery is a rechargeable 3.7V flat top battery with a high capacity of 3400mAh. It comes with a storage case and is designed to have low discharge rate, no memory effect, high energy density, and a pollution-free design. This battery is suitable for various applications such as flashlights, cameras, small fans, and more. It has been tested under strict quality-control standards and comes with a 24-month warranty and 60-day refund policy. If you receive a defective battery, the company offers free replacement or refunds. With a customer rating of 4.6/5, this battery pack offers good value for its price.

    Key Features

  • 3.7V rechargeable flat top battery
  • 30A, 3400m Ah high capacity
  • Includes battery storage boxes
  • Low discharge rate, no memory effect
  • Tested under strict quality-control standards
  • Specifications

    Pros

  • High capacity rechargeable battery
  • Comes with storage case
  • 24-month warranty and 60-day refund
  • Cons

  • Accuracy of stated specs may vary
  •  

    The YNPOWER 2 Pack Battery is a cost-effective option for anyone in need of a rechargeable flat top battery for their devices. With its high capacity and low discharge rate, it provides long-lasting power for flashlights, cameras, and more. The battery comes with a storage case for convenience and is backed by a 24-month warranty and 60-day refund policy, ensuring a satisfying shopping experience. While some customers have noted potential discrepancies in the stated specs, the overall performance and value of this battery pack make it a worthy purchase. Whether you need it as a replacement or for new devices, the YNPOWER 2 Pack Battery offers reliability and peace of mind.

     

    The 4pcs 18650 Flat Top Rechargeable Battery with Charger and Battery Storage Case is the perfect package for bringing new life to your favorite devices. With a total capacity of 3600mAh and a 3.7V rechargeable flat top design, these batteries provide long-lasting power. The package also includes a speedy charger that is compatible with various lithium battery models, ensuring convenient and safe charging. Made of premium battery cells, these batteries are durable and equipped with a microchip to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating. The batteries are suitable for a wide range of devices including flashlights, cameras, headlamps, doorbells, handheld fans, toys, and RC cars. With a 12-month warranty and strict quality control, customer satisfaction is guaranteed.

    Key Features

  • 3600m Ah 3.7V rechargeable flat top 18650 battery
  • Long-lasting and durable with grade A premium battery cells
  • Built-in microchip prevents over-charging, over-discharging, and over-heating
  • USB universal charger with automatic stop function
  • Compatible with a wide range of devices
  • Specifications

  • Color: 18650 Battery
  • Size: 4 Pcs 18650 with Charger
  • Pros

  • Long-lasting battery life
  • Strict quality control with CE, ROHS, and UL certifications
  • Versatile charger compatible with multiple lithium battery models
  • Cons

  • Charging cable included may be defective
  •  

    The 4pcs 18650 Flat Top Rechargeable Battery with Charger and Battery Storage Case is an excellent choice for those in need of reliable power for their devices. The high capacity batteries ensure long-lasting performance, while the charger provides convenient and safe charging for various lithium battery models. With a sturdy construction and strict quality control, these batteries are built to last. The package offers great value for money with its included battery storage case and 12-month warranty. The only downside may be the potential for a defective charging cable. Overall, this battery combo pack is highly recommended for its performance, versatility, and customer satisfaction guarantee.

     

    The 18650 li-ion Battery Charger is a versatile and portable charger designed for 3.7V Li-ion rechargeable batteries. It is capable of simultaneously charging batteries of different specifications, making it suitable for a wide range of devices. The charger features microcomputer control technology, providing protection against various charging risks such as overcharge, over discharge, and short circuit. It is compatible with multiple USB inputs, allowing you to conveniently charge your batteries using a car charger, power bank, or laptop. The charger also comes with a charging indicator that turns green when the battery is fully charged. With its compact size and reliable performance, this battery charger is an essential accessory for anyone in need of efficient and safe charging.

    Key Features

  • Universal Battery Charger for 3.7V Li-ion batteries
  • Micro USB compatible for versatile charging options
  • Safe charge protection against various risks
  • Compact and portable size for easy travel
  • Specifications

  • Color: Black
  • Dimension: 4.17Lx1.22Wx1.41H
  • Pros

  • Suitable for a wide range of Li-ion batteries
  • Offers fast charging with 1A output
  • Compatible with various USB inputs
  • Provides protection for battery safety
  • Compact and portable design for on-the-go charging
  • Cons

  • Does not support Ni-MH Ni-Cd batteries
  • Some users experienced issues with power delivery
  •  

    The 18650 li-ion Battery Charger is a reliable and convenient charging solution for 3.7V Li-ion batteries. With its universal compatibility, fast charging capability, and safety features, it is an excellent choice for users in need of efficient and portable charging. While it may have some limitations in terms of battery compatibility and power delivery, the overall performance and value for money make it a worthwhile investment. Whether you want to charge your batteries at home, in your car, or while traveling, this charger offers the flexibility and reliability you need. Say goodbye to running out of battery power and keep your devices charged with this versatile charger.

     

    The YNPOWER 4 Pack Battery is a rechargeable 3.7V 3400mAh battery designed with a flat top. It is suitable for use with flashlights, cameras, and small fans. Customers have found the battery to have a good battery life and quality. It comes with a nice carrying case and is considered a good replacement battery for vaping devices. However, some customers have reported issues with the battery not working for their devices and the actual capacity not meeting the advertised specifications. Overall, the YNPOWER 4 Pack Battery offers a decent performance at an affordable price.

    Key Features

  • 4 pack battery for 3.7V 3400m Ah
  • Rechargeable and flat top design
  • Suitable for flashlight, camera, small fan
  • Good battery life and quality
  • Specifications

  • N/A
  • Pros

  • Good battery life
  • High quality
  • Comes with nice carrying case
  • Perfect for vaping
  • Decent price
  • Cons

  • Didn't work for some devices
  • Actual capacity may not meet expectations
  • Some batteries may not work properly
  •  

    The YNPOWER 4 Pack Battery offers good performance and quality at an affordable price. It is a suitable choice for those in need of rechargeable batteries for their flashlights, cameras, or small fans. While it may not work for all devices and the actual capacity may not meet expectations, the battery’s good battery life and quality make it a worthy option. With a score of 7 out of 10, it provides decent value for the price.

     

    The EBL 3.7V Rechargeable Batteries 3000mAh with USB Charging Port USB Battery for Flashlights is a high-performance battery pack that offers a stable power supply and longer runtime for LED flashlights. With its ultra-high capacity of 3000mAh, it is perfect for outdoor activities and emergency power supply. These batteries are also USB rechargeable, eliminating the need for a separate battery charger. Simply plug them into any USB port using the included Type C cable. The batteries can be recharged up to 1200 times, ensuring longer battery life compared to alkaline batteries. Safety is guaranteed with the built-in integrated safety circuit that protects against over-charge, over-discharge, short-circuit, and over-heat. With positive customer reviews and a 5.0/5 rating, the EBL Rechargeable Batteries with USB Charging Port are a reliable choice for powering various devices.

    Key Features

  • High performance: EBL 3.7V Li-ion batteries with 3000m Ah ultra high capacity
  • USB Rechargeable Battery: Perfect for tactical flashlight, toys, headlamps, and more
  • USB-C Fast Charge: Built-in USB-C port for easy charging
  • Recharge up to 1200 Cycles: Longer battery life than alkaline batteries
  • Safety Assurance: Integrated safety circuit for complete protection
  • Specifications

  • Size: 1 Count (Pack of 2)
  • Pros

  • High capacity for longer runtime
  • USB rechargeable, no need for separate charger
  • Can be recharged up to 1200 times
  • Built-in safety circuit for protection
  • Cons

     

    With positive customer reviews and a 5.0/5 rating, the EBL Rechargeable Batteries with USB Charging Port are a reliable choice for powering various devices. The high capacity and easy USB recharge make them convenient for outdoor activities and emergencies. The batteries are also durable, with the ability to be recharged up to 1200 times. The built-in safety circuit ensures complete protection, giving users peace of mind. Overall, the EBL Rechargeable Batteries offer great value and performance.

     

    Buyer's Guide: Sony VTC5A 18650 Battery

    Below is a comprehensive buyer's guide for the Sony VTC5A 18650 battery. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced user, this guide will provide you with all the essential information you need to make an informed decision.

    Key Features to Consider

    • Capacity: The capacity of a battery determines how long it will last before needing to be recharged. Consider your usage patterns and choose a battery with an appropriate capacity.
    • Voltage: The voltage of a battery affects the power output. Most devices require a voltage of 3.7 volts, which is provided by 18650 batteries.
    • Continuous Discharge Rating (CDR): The CDR indicates how much current the battery can provide continuously without overheating. Higher CDR batteries are suitable for high-powered devices.
    • Chemistry: Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries use Lithium-ion chemistry, known for its high energy density and reliable performance.
    • Authenticity: Ensure you purchase from reputable sellers to avoid counterfeit batteries, which may be unsafe and lack the promised specifications.

    Advantages of Sony VTC5A 18650 Battery

    • Reliable performance and long-lasting power.
    • Suitable for high-powered devices like vape mods, flashlights, and electronic tools.
    • High capacity allows for extended usage between charges.
    • Exceptional discharge rate provides enough current for demanding applications.

    Factors to Consider

    When buying Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries, keep the following factors in mind to find the best battery for your needs:

    1. Authenticity

    • Verify the authenticity of the battery before purchasing to ensure safety and optimal performance.
    • Counterfeit batteries may have lower capacity, CDR and could be prone to overheating.

    2. Usage & Device Compatibility

    • Determine the device(s) you intend to use the battery with and ensure compatibility.
    • Consider how you plan to use the battery, such as whether it will be used for continuous high-power output or intermittent usage.

    3. Capacity

    • Assess your usage patterns and select a battery with the appropriate capacity.
    • Higher capacity batteries will last longer before needing recharging.

    4. CDR and Voltage

    • Determine the CDR requirements of your device. Opt for a battery with a CDR rating suitable for your device's power needs.
    • Ensure the battery provides the required 3.7 volts for your device to function properly.

    5. Battery Handling and Safety

    • Familiarize yourself with battery handling instructions, including proper charging, storage, and usage guidelines.
    • Invest in quality battery cases or holders to prevent accidental shorts or damage.

    6. Cost

    • Consider the price of the battery. While higher-quality batteries may be pricier, they usually offer better performance, reliability, and safety.

     

    FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

    Q: Can I use the Sony VTC5A 18650 battery in any device that requires an 18650 battery?
    A: Yes, as long as the device is compatible with 18650 batteries and the battery’s capacity, voltage, and CDR meet the device’s requirements.

    Q: How can I verify the authenticity of a Sony VTC5A 18650 battery?
    A: Verify the retailer’s reputation and look for Authorized Dealer logos. Additionally, check for holographic labels, serial numbers, and packaging details provided by Sony.

    Q: Are Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries rechargeable?
    A: Yes, Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries are rechargeable. However, always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for charging to ensure safety.

    Q: What is the typical lifespan of a Sony VTC5A 18650 battery?
    A: The lifespan of the battery depends on various factors, such as usage patterns and charging practices. With proper care and usage, it can last for hundreds of charge cycles.

    Q: Can I use Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries for vaping?
    A: Yes, Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries are commonly used in vape mods due to their high capacity and CDR. However, always ensure your vape device is compatible and follow proper battery safety guidelines.

    Q: Can I use Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries in series or parallel configurations?
    A: Yes, Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries can be used in series or parallel configurations, but it is crucial to ensure proper matching, balancing, and safety precautions to avoid over-discharge or over-current situations.

    Q: Are Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries suitable for low-power devices?
    A: While Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries are designed for higher-powered applications, they can also be used in low-power devices. However, consider other alternatives that may better suit the energy requirements of such devices.

    Q: Can Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries be stored for an extended period?
    A: Yes, Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries can be stored, but it is recommended to store them with a 40-60% charge in a cool and dry place to maximize their lifespan. Regularly check their charge level during storage and recharge if necessary.

    Q: How can I dispose of a Sony VTC5A 18650 battery?
    A: Never dispose of lithium-ion batteries in regular waste. Search for battery recycling centers in your local area or consult with the retailer from whom you purchased the batteries for proper disposal methods.

    Q: Are there any safety precautions I should keep in mind when using Sony VTC5A 18650 batteries?
    A: Yes, safety is paramount when using these batteries. Avoid short-circuits, overheating, overcharging, or exposing them to extreme temperatures. Always use a suitable battery charger and read the manufacturer’s safety guidelines prior to usage.