If you’re wondering who owns Android, it’s Google LLC, which acquired the operating system in July 2005. As a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., Google is the primary owner and steward of the platform that powers billions of devices worldwide.
Who owns Android?
The direct answer is that Google LLC owns Android. Google acquired Android Inc. in July 2005 for approximately $50 million. Today, Android is developed and maintained by Google as a subsidiary of its parent company, Alphabet Inc. While Google holds ownership, the core operating system is made available to the public through the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
A brief history of Android's acquisition
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. The company initially focused on developing an operating system for digital cameras before shifting its focus to mobile devices. In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for approximately $50 million. This acquisition laid the foundation for what would become the world's most dominant mobile operating system, with Google taking over development and steering the platform's direction.
Understanding Android's open-source nature
The core Android operating system is known as the Android Open Source Project (AOSP), which is led and maintained by Google. The AOSP source code is largely licensed under the permissive Apache License 2.0, which allows anyone to use, modify, and distribute the code. This open-source nature is why manufacturers, developers, and even hobbyists can create their own versions of Android without paying licensing fees. If you are looking for mobile app guides (Mobile Apps and Game Guides) or want to understand the definition of an app (What Is An App?), the open-source framework of Android makes it possible for developers to build and distribute applications freely.
The limits of 'open': Google's trademarks and control
While the AOSP code is open-source, the "Android" name and logo are trademarks of Google LLC and are not part of the assets available through the Android Open Source Project. Use of the "Android" trademark on hardware, packaging, or marketing materials is restricted to Android-compatible devices only. The green Android robot can be reproduced and modified under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License, but Google retains all trademark rights to it. Many device manufacturers, such as Samsung, Sony, and Motorola, are part of the Google-sponsored Open Handset Alliance (OHA), which collaborates on Android. To access the Google Play ecosystem and use the Android trademark, devices must adhere to the Compatibility Definition Document (CDD) and pass the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS).
How manufacturers customize Android
Manufacturers often heavily customize the AOSP code to create their own user interfaces and features. For example, Samsung uses the open-source core to build its One UI interface, adding unique features, design elements, and pre-installed apps. Similarly, companies like OnePlus, Xiaomi, and Motorola create their own custom skins on top of Android. However, these manufacturers must still meet Google's compatibility standards through the CDD and CTS to access Google Play Services and other Google apps. If you are curious about which devices are most popular, these are the most popular Android phones in each state (These Are The Most Popular Android Phones In Each State), and if you want to know the Google Pixel manufacturer (Who Makes The Google Pixel Phone?), it is Google itself, which designs and produces the Pixel line.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Android free to use?
Yes, the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is free to use and modify under the Apache License 2.0. However, if a manufacturer wants to include Google Play Services and other Google apps, they must pass compatibility tests and enter into a licensing agreement with Google.
How do I update my Android device?
Updates for Android devices are typically provided by the device manufacturer, not directly by Google (except for Pixel devices). To check for updates, go to your device's Settings, select "System," and then choose "Software update." If an update is available, you will be prompted to download and install it.
How can I back up my Android device?
You can back up your Android device by going to the "Settings" menu, selecting "System," and then choosing "Backup." From there, you can choose what data you want to back up and enable automatic backups to Google Drive.
What is Android Auto?
Android Auto is a software platform that allows users to connect their Android devices to their cars and access music, maps, and other apps through the car's infotainment system.
Can I use Google Play Services on non-Android devices?
No, Google Play Services is only available for Android devices.
Can I use Android without Google services?
Yes, you can use a device running the AOSP code without any Google services. This is common on devices sold in certain markets or on custom ROMs. However, you will not have access to the Google Play Store, Google Maps, or other Google apps.
Who can modify Android's source code?
Anyone can modify the AOSP source code under the Apache License 2.0. This includes individual developers, manufacturers, and even companies creating custom operating systems for specialized devices like smart TVs, tablets, and automotive systems.
For the wider topic, see mobile app guides.
